Diversity In Living Organisms CBSE Class 9

Biodiversity refers to all the diverse living organisms like plants, animals and micro-organisms present on earth.

Kingdom Plantae:

The organisms present in this kingdom are eukaryotic, green autotrophs and multicellular.

First they are differentiated on the basis of the plant body they divided on the basis of vascular systems then again divided them on the basis of occurrence of seed and then furthered divided on the basis of seeds are covered or not.

Kingdom Plantae divided into five divisions: (1) Thallophyta (2) Bryophyta (3) Pteridophyta (4) Gymnosperms (5) Angiosperms.

(1) Thallophyta: The body of these plants are not divided into root, stem and leaves. They are thallus type. These plants do not have vascular system and they have simple sex organs and it is single celled.

Example: Spyrogyra, Chara, Ulothrix etc.

(2) Bryophyta: They are known as ‘amphibians of the plant kingdom’ because they are the first plant to live on land and in water. They are may be thalloid (i.e. thallus like) or foliose (i.e. leaf like). True leaf and root absent. Root like structure rhizoids is present. They are green and autotrophic but vascular tissues are absent. They grow in moist and shady places because they need water for fertilization.

Example: Moss, Marchantia.

(3) Pteridophyta: These plants are green, autotrophic and have vascular tissues. Their body is divided into root, stem and leaves. They have multicellular organs.

The Thallophyta, Bryophyta and Ptridophyta are called crytogamae because they do not flowers and seeds. The Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are called phanerogams because they bear seeds.

(4) Gymnosperms: They are known as naked plants because they seeds but these seeds are not covered with fruits. They are intermediate stage between ptridophyta and angiosperms. They are green shrubs or trees and perennials. They have cones instead of flowers.

Example: Cycus, pine, cedrus etc.

(5) Angiosperms: They are known as ‘flowering plants’. They bear seeds and seeds are protected by fruit.

Angiosperms divided into two classes (i) dicotyledonae (ii) monocotyledonae. (Cotyledons are called ‘seed leaves’)

(i) Monocotyledonae: Seeds of these plants contain one seed leaf. Fibrous root present and parallel venation present.

Example: Wheat, rice, maize, palm, onion etc.

(ii) Dicotyledonae: Seeds of these plants contain two seed leaves. Tap root present and leaves have reticulated venation.

Example: Bean, gram, mango, mustard etc.


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